Step1: Open Your Java File in Eclipse.
 Step2:  Set a Breakpoint:
                      Click left of the line number — a blue dot appears.
 Step3:  Right-click on the File → Click Debug As > Java Application.
 Step4:  Eclipse will pause at the breakpoint.
 Step5:  Now use the toolbar at top:
                      Resume – Continue running the program.
                      Step Over (F6) – Go to the next line.
                      Step Into (F5) – Go into a method.
 

Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
 actions.moveToElement(element).perform();
 

Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
 actions.dragAndDrop(source element, dest element).perform();
 

Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
 actions.contextClick(element).perform();
 

Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
 actions.doubleClick(element).perform();
 

driver.navigate().to("url");
 driver.navigate().to("https://www.google.com");  : Navigate to the first url
 driver.navigate().to("https://www.facebook.com"); Navigate to the second url
 driver.navigate().back(); : Navigate back to google
 driver.navigate().forward(); : Navigate forward to Facebook
 driver.navigate().refresh(); : Refresh the current page
 

JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
 js.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", element); 
 js.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(false);", element); 
 

TakesScreenshot ts = (TakesScreenshot) driver;
 File src = ts.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
 File dest=new File("projectpath//screenshot.png");
 FileUtils.copyFile(src, dest);
 

File src = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
 File dest=new File("projectpath//screenshot.png");
 FileUtils.copyFile(src, dest);
 

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(secvalue));
 

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(secvalue));
 WebElement element = wait.until(
        ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("attributevalue")));
 

Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
 actions.keyDown(element, Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys("inputdata").keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).perform();
 

JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
 js.executeScript("arguments[0].setAttribute('value', 'inputdata');", element);
 

JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
 js.executeScript("arguments[0].click();", element);
 

String parentWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();
 Set<String> allWindows = driver.getWindowHandles();
 for (String window : allWindows) {
        if (!window.equals(parentWindow)) {
               driver.switchTo().window(window);
               break;
        }
 }
 

driver.switchTo().frame(indexvalue);   → Switch the frame by index
 driver.switchTo().frame("name");       → Switch the frame by name
 driver.switchTo().frame("id");         → Switch the frame by id
 driver.switchTo().frame(element);      → Switch the frame by element
 

List<WebElement> allFrames = driver.findElements(By.tagName("iframe"));
 System.out.println("Total number of frames: " + allFrames.size());
 

WebElement outerFrame = driver.findElement(By.id("outerFrameId"));
 driver.switchTo().frame(outerFrame);
 WebElement innerFrame = driver.findElement(By.id("innerFrameId"));
 driver.switchTo().frame(innerFrame);
 driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
 

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
 String alertText = alert.getText();
 System.out.println("Alert Message: " + alertText);
 alert.accept();
 

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
 String alertText = alert.getText();
 System.out.println("Confirmation Alert Message: " + alertText);
 alert.dismiss();
 

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
 String alertMessage = alert.getText();
 System.out.println("Prompt Alert Message: " + alertMessage);
 alert.sendKeys("inputdata");
 alert.accept();
 

 String mainWindowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle(); // store parent handle
 // Do child window operations...
 // Switch back to main window
 driver.switchTo().window(mainWindowHandle); 

 String mainWindowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();
 Set<String> allWindowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();
 System.out.println("Total open windows/tabs: " + allWindowHandles.size());
 
 for (String handle : allWindowHandles) {
     driver.switchTo().window(handle);
     System.out.println("Window Title: " + driver.getTitle());
 }
 
 // For message box (alert)
 Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
 System.out.println("Alert Text: " + alert.getText());
 alert.accept();
 
 driver.switchTo().window(mainWindowHandle); 

 List<String> windows = new ArrayList<>(driver.getWindowHandles());
 // index 0 = parent, index 1 = child
 driver.switchTo().window(windows.get(1)); 

String mainWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();
 Set<String> allWindowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();
 for (String windowHandle : allWindowHandles) {
        if (!windowHandle.equals(mainWindow)) {
               driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle);
        }
 }
 

Set<String> allWindowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();
 List<String> windowList = new ArrayList<>(allWindowHandles);
 driver.switchTo().window(windowList.get(0));
 

WebElement cell = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//table/tbody/tr[rowIndex]/td[columnIndex]"));
 String text = cell.getText();
 System.out.println("Text in cell: " + text);
 

List<WebElement> colheader = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//table/thead/tr/th"));
 for (WebElement header : colheader) {
        System.out.println("Column Name: " + header.getText());
 }
 

List<WebElement> rowCells = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//table/tbody/tr[rowIndex]/td"));
 for (WebElement cell : rowCells) {
        System.out.println(cell.getText());
 }
 

Robot robot = new Robot();
 robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_H);
 robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_H);
 robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_E);
 robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_E);
 robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_L);
 robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_L);
 robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_L);
 robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_L);
 robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_O);
 robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_O);